Layers of the Atmosphere - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
WEBAug 20, 2024 · Troposphere. Known as the lower atmosphere, almost all weather occurs in this region. The troposphere begins at the Earth's surface, but the height of the troposphere varies. It is 11-12 miles (18-20 km) high at the equator, 5½ miles (9 km) at 50°N and 50°S, and just under four miles (6 km) high at the poles.
How do gravity waves triggered by a typhoon propagate from the ...
WEBSep 19, 2022 · We use ground-based airglow network observations, reanalysis data, and satellite observations to explore the propagation process of concentric gravity waves (CGWs) excited by a typhoon between the troposphere, …
Typhoon - Wikipedia
WEBA typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere and which produces sustained hurricane-force winds of at least 119 km/h (74 mph). [1] This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, [2] accounting for almost one third of the world's tropical cyclones.
A case study of typhoon‐induced gravity waves and the …
WEBAug 25, 2015 · Typhoon-induced GWs (TGWs) are generated in the troposphere along the typhoon track and propagate horizontally and vertically. TGWs play an important role in the momentum budget of the middle atmosphere and affect global atmospheric circulation [ Kim et …
Effects of Stratospheric Gravity Waves on Convection in the Troposphere …
WEBDec 9, 2022 · SGWs and typhoon intensity are both influenced by the diabatic heating of convection. When latent heat release increases, GWs are triggered and propagate fast in the vertical direction. They can be observed in the stratosphere even before the hurricane intensity itself increases (Wu et al., 2021 ).
WEBTransport Satellite-1R observations to quantitatively describe the propagation processes of typhoon-generated CGWs from the troposphere, through the stratosphere and mesosphere, to the thermosphere. We found that the CGWs in the mesopause region were generated directly by the typhoon in the troposphere. However, the
WEB26 typhoon -generated C GW s propagating throughout the stratosphere, mesosphere , and 27 thermosphere . We found that the CGW s in the mesopause region were generated directly by 28 the typhoon in the troposphere. However, the …
How are the gravity waves triggered by typhoon propagate from …
WEBFeb 21, 2022 · In this study, a double-layer airglow network is used to capture the concentric gravity waves (CGWs) over China, which were excited by the Super Typhoon Chaba (2016).
How do gravity waves triggered by a typhoon propagate from the ...
WEBWe used ERA5 reanalysis data and Multi-functional Transport Satellite-1R observations to quantitatively describe the propagation processes of typhoon-generated CGWs from the troposphere, through the stratosphere and mesosphere, to the thermosphere.
How are the gravity waves triggered by typhoon propagate from …
WEBFeb 21, 2022 · We present the first reported gravity wave patterns in the mesopause region caused by a typhoon in the troposphere. On 10 December 2002, concentric rings of gravity waves in OH airglow were observed …
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