Olney is the county seat in Richland County, Illinois. The population was 9,115 at the time of the 2010 census. Settlement of the Richland Cou…Olney is the county seat in Richland County, Illinois. The population was 9,115 at the time of the 2010 census. Settlement of the Richland County area began around 1815 when Thaddeus Morehouse, a native of Vermont, arrived by wagon and built a log cabin along a stagecoach route that ran from Vincennes, Indiana to St. Louis. This log cabin operated as a hotel and tavern.
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