Papineau is a village in Papineau Township, Iroquois County, Illinois, United States. The population was 133 at the 2020 census. Papineau is located in northeastern Iroquois County at 40°58′04″N 87°42′58″W / 40.967737°N 87.715984°W. It is 15 miles north of Watseka, the county seat, and 16 miles southeast of Kankakee.