The mores of the time will startle modern readers. Down Syndrome, then a little-understood condition, was horrifically termed “mongolism”; babies thus diagnosed were typically placed in an ...

French Geneticist Jerome Lejeune, who in 1961 discovered the chromosomal abnormality that leads to Mongolism, agreed with Montagu during testimony at the Hugon trial—with an important qualification.

Birth Defects A fourth common example of hard cases concerns possible birth defects or abnormalities, such as Tay-Sachs disease, sickle-cell anemia, Down's syndrome (Mongolism). We have various tests ...

aDepartment of Pathology Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom. bThe Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom.